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Gross National Happiness

In the last century,new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries.However,one country resisted these changes.High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia,the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate.Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years.Bhutan,however,was a poor country.People died at a young age.Most of its people could not read,and they did not know much about the outside world.Then,in 1972,a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern,but without losing its traditions.

King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas.He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product（GNP）. The GNP measures products and money.When the number of products sold increases,people say the country is making progress.King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan.He wanted to measure his country's progress by people’s happiness.If the people's happiness increased,the king could say that Bhutan was making progress.To decide if people were happier,he created a measure called Gross National Happiness（GNH）.

GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness.People are happier if they have health care,education,and jobs.They are happier when they live in a healthy,protected environment.They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs.Finally,people are happier when they have a good,stable government.

Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan.People are healthier and are living longer.More people are educated and employed.Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks,and the country has almost no pollution.The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs.Bhutan has also become a democracy.In 2008,King Wangchuck gave his power to his son.Although the country still had a king,it held its first democratic elections that year.Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time.Finally,Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.

Bhutan is a symbol for social progress.Many countries are now interested in Bhutan's GNH.These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness.They want to create new policies that take care of their people,cultures,and land.

Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH.Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration.Brazil is a large country with a diverse population.If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil,perhaps the rest of the world will follow.

36.Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck？

A.A king.

B.A president.

C.A Buddhist priest.

D.A general.

[参考答案]D

[解析]题意：Jigme Singye Wangchuck是谁？

根据文章第一段最后一句…a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhntan to become modern可知，Wangchuck是一位新上任的国王.故选D.

37.Apart from modernizing Bhutan,what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan？

A.To make its population grow.

B.To keep its traditions and customs.

C.To keep it separate from the world.

D.To encourage its people to get rich.

[参考答案]D

[解析]题意：除了使不丹现代化，Wangchuck还希望为不丹做什么？

根据文章第一段最后一句…King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided tO help Bhutan to become modern，but without losing its traditions，说明Wangchuck不希望不丹丢掉其传统，而第三段第三句 They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs也说明Wangchuck推行的 GNH（国民幸福总值）政策中，如果能保持传统文化和风俗则国民会更幸福.故选D.

38.A country shows its progress with GNP byA.spending more money.

B.spending less money.

C.providing more jobs.

D.selling more products.

[参考答案]A

[解析]题意：一个国家进步在GNP中体现为…….

根据文中第二段第三、四句The GNP measures products and money.When the number of prod— ucts sold increases，people say the country is making progress可知，GNP用商品和金钱来衡量，卖出的 商品越多，国家似乎越进步.故选A.

39.According to GNH,people are happier if they

A.have new technology.

B.can change their religion.

C.have a good,stable government.

D.have more money.

[参考答案]C

[解析]题意：根据GNH，人民若……会更幸福.

文章第三段集中讲述GNH，人们更幸福包括they have health care，edtmarion，and jobs；they live in a healthy，protected environment；they can keep their traditional culture and customs；they have a good，stable government.由此可知C项正确.

40.Today many countries are

A.using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.

B.working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.

C.taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.

D.trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.

[参考答案]D

[解析]题意：现在，很多国家…….

根据文章第五段第二、三句Many countries are nOW interested in Bhutan's GNH.These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness可知，很多国家用自己的方式去衡量幸福.故选 D.